Malicious File Execution
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This is the third-part in a ten-part-series describing the OWASP Top 10. (See all the OWASP Top 10)
What is Malicious File Execution
Some web applications allow the user to specify input that is used directly into file streams or allows the user to upload files to the server. At a later time the web application accesses the user supplied input in the web applications context. By doing this, the web application is allowing the potential for malicious file execution.
When an application allows user to modify file streams, the application is trusting the user to operate within certain “rules” and may assume the user won’t break these rules.
If there aren’t preventions in place, an attacker can exploit the rules by attempting to include files stored on remote or local file systems.
Web applications that are vulnerable to malicious file execution break the simple security rule of trusting user input.
Allowing malicious file execution to exist in a web application can lead to the complete compromise of the server.
Examples of Malicious File Execution
Typical examples of malicious file execution are remote file includes and local file includes. Most people think of these as PHP functions, however, that does not mean an ASP or JSP server isn’t susceptible to malicious file execution vulnerabilities.
Here is a common example, Imagine the PHP function:
include $_REQUEST['filename'];
An attacker can then specify a file name of a remote URL that they control, say http://evilhacker.com/attack.php
How Do You Prevent Malicious File Execution
Malicious file execution needs to be prevented from the design stage. If the design stage of the web application has already been completed, then extra precaution needs to be taken.
Developers need to pay particular attention to code access security mechanisms to ensure that file names supplied by or influenced by the user do not allow security controls to be obviated.
Web applications should not allow users to insert input into a server-based resource. However, if the ability is needed, then developers need to be extra cautious about what input they accept. Developers should insure that file names supplied by the user do not allow security controls to be bypassed.
General preventions that can be taken include:
- Strongly Validating user input using an only “accept known good” input.
- Adding firewall rules that prevent web servers from making new connections to external websites will aid in preventing remote file include vulnerabilities.
- Implementing a sandbox to isolate applications from one another.
Depending on your environment, specific preventions can also be taken. For instance, with J2EE developers should ensure that the security manager is enabled and properly configured. More information about specific environment preventions can be found at OWASP’s full article on malicious file execution.
